Location of mandibular foramen in dry mandibles in relation to various anatomical landmarks

Manickam Subramanian,*
Sowjanya Bandlamudi,
Arathi Senthiappan Mariappan,
Janani Yoganandham,
Pavithra M

Abstract

Background: To localize the mandibular foramen in dry mandibles of adult and old age groups of South Indian origin by estimating its average distance from different anatomical landmarks and to provide a specific and precise site for inferior alveolar nerve block. Methods: A total of 51 mandibles were taken for the study and the distance between the mandibular foramen and the various anatomical landmarks were measured using a digital vernier caliper. Presence of accessory mandibular foramen was observed and recorded. Difference between the sides and the correlation between the gonial angle and various distances were carried out. Results: Distance of mandibular foramen from anterior border was 16.41±2.44 mm and 16.85±2.55 mm, from posterior border was 10.28±2.08 mm and 10.13±2.02 mm, from mandibular incisure 22.5±3.13mm and 21.9±3.08mm, from mandibular base 23.72±3.37 mm and 24.5±3.27 mm, from third molar 15.27±11.99 mm and 16.85±11.60 mm, from apex of retro molar trigone 18.28±3.02 mm and 19.79±3.18 mm on right and left side respectively. There was no significant difference between the measurements of right and left sides. The measurements had a negative association with gonial angle. Accessory foramina were found to be present in 21and 23 mandibles on right and left side respectively. Conclusion: Precise localization of mandibular foramen is clinically very important to achieve effective inferior alveolar nerve block prior to dental surgeries in the lower jaw. The present study establishes the presence of bilateral symmetry in the position of mandibular foramen with respect to various anatomical landmarks and the utility of gonial angle in localizing the mandibular foramen.