- Visibility 104 Views
- Downloads 79 Downloads
- Permissions
- DOI 10.18231/j.ijmi.17814.1759221746
-
CrossMark
A cone-beam computed tomographic analysis to determine location and dimensions of the mental foramen in dentate individuals of population based in Navi Mumbai metropolitan region
- Author Details:
-
Varun V Jaiswar *
-
Anuradha G Mohite
-
Jyoti B Nadgere
-
Janani V Iyer
Varun V Jaiswar *
Aim and Objective: The purpose of the present study was to radiographically determine the position and size of the mental foramen, its distance from adjacent teeth and mandibular borders, the angulation of the mental canal, by using CBCT.
Material and Methods: 137 CBCT scans (78 females and 59 males) were evaluated that meet the inclusion criteria. The DICOM data was analyzed in CS3D software. X-slice (sagittal view): position of the MF related to long axis of adjacent teeth, height of MF (craniocaudal distance), length of MF (mesiodistal distance), shortest distance from MF to adjacent root. Y-slice (coronal view): course of the mental canal (MeC) in the vertical plane, angulation of MeC to buccal bone surface, distance from superior margin of MF to alveolar bone crest, distance from inferior margin of MF to lower border of mandible. Descriptive statistics like frequency (n) & percentage (%) of categorical data, mean & Standard deviation of numerical data in each group/subgroup was depicted.
Result: Mental foramen in most subjects was present mesial to the second premolar (61.3%). The anterior loop was present in 35.8%. There was a non-significant difference in the horizontal and vertical length of MF among various age groups. Angulation of MF increased with age; however, the difference in the angulation among various age groups was non-significant. The difference among various age groups was non-significant. There was a non-significant difference in the position of mental foramen according to the second premolar among various age groups.
Conclusion: Application of CBCT analysis empowered a detailed determination of the size, position and shape of the mental foramen in relation to the adjacent anatomical structures on a representative group of Navi Mumbai patients. The results obtained may contribute to guidelines for dental procedures including dental surgery, anesthesia and most importantly for implantology in the second premolar region with regards to the location of mental foramen according to the sex and age of patients.
References
- von Arx T, Friedli M, Sendi P, Lozanoff S, Bornstein MM. Location and dimensions of the mental foramen: a radiographic analysis by using cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod. 2013;39(12):1522–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2013.07.033
[Google Scholar] - Zmyslowska-Polakowska E, Radwanski M, Ledzion S, Leski M, Zmyslowska A, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Evaluation of size and location of a mental foramen in the Polish population using cone- beam computed tomography. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:1659476. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1659476
[Google Scholar] - Alyami OS, Alotaibi MS, Koppolu P, Alosaimy A, Abdulghani A, Swapna LA, et al. Anterior loop of the mental nerve in Saudi sample in Riyadh, KSA. A cone beam computerized tomography study. Saudi Dent J. 2021;33(3):124–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.03.001
[Google Scholar] - Phillips JL, Weller RN, Kulild JC. The mental foramen: 1. Size, orientation, and positional relationship to the mandibular second premolar. J Endod. 1990;16(5):221–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81674-2
[Google Scholar] - Greenstein G, Tarnow D. The mental foramen and nerve: clinical and anatomical factors related to dental implant placement: a literature review. J Periodontol. 2006;77(12):1933–43. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2006.060197
[Google Scholar] - Kumar V, Hunsigi P, Kaipa BR, Reddy R, Ealla KK, Arun Kumar CB, et al. Radiographic localization of mental foramen in Northeast and South Indian ethnic groups of Indian population. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2014;15(6):766–9. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-
[Google Scholar] 10024-1614. - Muinelo-Lorenzo J, Suárez-Quintanilla JA, Fernández-Alonso A, Varela-Mallou J, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM. Anatomical characteristics and visibility of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen: panoramic radiography vs. cone beam CT. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal . 2015;20(6):e707–14. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.20585
[Google Scholar] - Parnami P, Gupta D, Arora V, Bhalla S, Kumar A, Malik R. Assessment of the horizontal and vertical position of mental foramen in Indian population in terms of age and sex in dentate subjects by pano-ramic radiographs: a retrospective study with review of literature. Open Dent J. 2015;9:297–302. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874210601509010297
[Google Scholar] - Tebo HG, Telford IR. An analysis of the variations in position of the mental foramen. Anat Rec. 1950;107(1):61–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091070105
[Google Scholar] - Fishel D, Buchner A, Hershkowith A, Kaffe I. Roentgenologic study of the mental foramen. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1976;41(5):682–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(76)90325-x
[Google Scholar] Jaiswar et al. / IP International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging 2025;11(3):86–93 93 - Solar P, Ulm C, Frey G, Matejka MA. Classification of the intraosseous paths of the mental nerve. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1994;9:339–44.
- Chappidi V, Swapna LA, Dheeraj V, Nikitha GR, Kanakagiri M. Evaluation of morphometric variations in mental foramen and prevalence of anterior loop in South Indian population – A CBCT study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2019;31(2):134–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_219_18
[Google Scholar] - Rajkohila J, Daniel P, Ambikaipakan S, Rabi S. Morphological and morphometric analysis of accessory mental foramen in dry human mandibles of south indian population. Indian J Dent Res. 2018;29(1):56–60. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_146_17
[Google Scholar] - Bartling R, Freeman K, Kraut RA. The incidence of altered sensation of the mental nerve after mandibular implant placement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;57(12):1408–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(99)90720-6
[Google Scholar] - Wismeijer D, van Waas MA, Vermeeren JI, Kalk W. Patients' perception of sensory disturbances of the mental nerve before and after implant surgery: a prospective study of 110 patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997;35(4):254–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0266-
[Google Scholar] 4356(97)90043-7. - Walton JN. Altered sensation associated with implants in the anterior mandible: a prospective study. J Prosthet Dent. 2000;83(4):443–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3913(00)70039-
[Google Scholar] - Uchida Y, Noguchi N, Goto M, Yamashita Y, Hanihara T, Takamori H, et al. Measurement of anterior loop length for the mandibular canal and diameter of the mandibular incisive canal to avoid nerve damage when installing endosseous implants in the interforaminal region: a second attempt introducing cone beam computed tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;67(4):744–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2008.05.352
[Google Scholar] - Cutright B, Quillopa N, Schubert W. An anthropometric analysis of the key foramina for maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;61(3):354–7. https://doi.org/10.1053/joms.2003.50070
[Google Scholar] - Yosue T, Brooks SL. The appearance of mental foramina on panoramic radiographs: I—evaluation of patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1989;68:360–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-
[Google Scholar] 4220(89)90224-7. - Yosue T, Brooks SL. The appearance of mental foramina on panoramic and periapical radiographs: II—experimental evaluation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol . 1989;68(4):488–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(89)90151-5
[Google Scholar] - Phillips JL, Weller RN, Kulild JC. The mental foramen: part II— radiographic position in relation to the mandibular second premolar. J Endod. 1992;18(6):271–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-
[Google Scholar] 2399(06)80953-2. - Phillips JL, Weller RN, Kulild JC. The mental foramen: part III— size and position on panoramic radiographs. J Endod. 1992;18(8):383–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81224-
[Google Scholar] - Shibli JA, Martins MC, Loffredo LC, Scaf G. Detection of the mandibular canal and the mental foramen in panoramic radiographs: intraexaminer agreement. J Oral Implantol. 2012;38(1):27–31. https://doi.org/10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00103.1
[Google Scholar] - Kalender A, Orhan K, Aksoy U. Evaluation of the mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in Turkish patients using cone-beam computed tomography images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program. Clin Anat. 2012;25(5):584–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.21277
[Google Scholar] - Shankland WE. The position of the mental foramen in Asian Indians. J Oral Implantol. 1994;20(2):118–23.
- Gupta T. Localization of important facial foramina encountered in maxillofacial surgery. Clin Anat. 2008;21(7):633–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.20688
[Google Scholar] - Guo JL, Su L, Zhao JL, Yang L, Lv DL, Li YQ, et al. Location of mental foramen based on soft- and hard-tissue landmarks in a chinese population. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20(6):2235–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181bf85f4
[Google Scholar] - Kqiku L, Sivic E, Weiglein A, Stadtler P. Position of the mental foramen: an anatomical study. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2011;161(9- 10):272–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-011-0898-2
[Google Scholar] - Moiseiwitsch JR. Position of the mental foramen in a North American, white population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;85(4):457–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1079-
[Google Scholar] 2104(98)90074-9. - Berge JK, Bergman RA. Variations in size and in symmetry of foramina of the human skull. Clin Anat. 2001;14(6):406–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.1075
[Google Scholar] - Neiva RF, Gapski R, Wang HL. Morphometric analysis of implant- related anatomy in Caucasian skulls. J Periodontol. 2004;75(8):1061–7. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2004.75.8.1061
[Google Scholar] - Haktanir A, Ilgaz K, Turhan-Haktanir N. Evaluation of mental foramina in adult living crania with MDCT. Surg Radiol Anat. 2010;32(4):351–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-009-0572-1
[Google Scholar] - Agthong S, Huanmanop T, Chentanez V. Anatomical variations of the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina related to gender and side. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;63(6):800–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2005.02.016
[Google Scholar] - Chen JCH, Lin LM, Geist JR, Chen JY, Chen CH, Chen YK. A retrospective comparison of the location and diameter of the inferior alveolar canal at the mental foramen and length of the anterior loop between American and Taiwanese cohorts using CBCT. Surg Radiol Anat. 2013;35(1):11–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-012-
[Google Scholar] 0986-z. - de Oliveira-Santos C, Couto Souza PH, Berti-Couto SA, Stinkens L, Moyaert K, Rubira-Bullen IRF, et al. Assessment of variations of the mandibular canal through cone beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2012;16(2):387–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-011-0544-9
[Google Scholar]